Mingjie Xin, Wui Seng Leong, Zilong Chen, Yu Wang & Shau-Yu Lan

Nature Physics (2024)

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41567-024-02677-9#Abs1

A quantum gas represents a unique state of matter beyond traditional forms like solid, liquid, and gas, playing a key role in advancing quantum science and technology. This state arises when the de Broglie wavelength of atoms exceeds the spacing between them, achieved by cooling. Since the first experimental observation by Prof. Eric Cornell and Carl Wieman in 1995, evaporative cooling has been central for creating quantum gases.

In a recent study published in Nature Physics, a team led by Associate Professor Shau-Yu Lan (藍劭宇), at the Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, introduced an innovative method for producing quantum gases. By assembling and trapping atoms within a three-dimensional optical lattice and applying electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) with adiabatic expansion, they reached nearly 100% efficiency at a speed around 100 times faster than previous methods. This advance could significantly boost cold atom platforms for quantum sensing and computing.

Additionally, Professor Lan's team observed a "Bosenova" explosion, resembling a supernova, within the quantum gas, as shown in the accompanying image. Following the collapse, atoms formed a shell-like structure by emitting atomic jets, offering new insights for quantum simulation and many-body physics research.